This article describes the results of interviews with female Dominican immigrants practicing traditional medicine in New York City. In addition to reporting comparisons of the varying backgrounds of the folk healers and their individual perspectives, ethnomedical concepts and practices, such as diagnostics, etiologies, and prescriptions for treating female health problems, are explored. The researchers developed new methods for investigating ethnomedical concepts of illness while concurrently working within a framework of biomedical diagnostic categories. Such research is important because of the large and growing amount of people in urban centers (immigrants, ethnic minorities and mainstream population) that use alternative medicine while also using conventional biomedicine. The authors suggest that conventional health care schemes could be improved by knowledge of the effects of biomedical drug and traditional herbal remedy synergies, familiarity with the diversity of cultural beliefs surrounding health care, and the creation of complementary roles for traditional healers.