Monitoring, locally-based refers to attempts to enlist communities in gathering information on biodiversity and resource use. Methods useful for locally-based monitoring include record-keeping during routine patrols, transects, species lists, fixed point photography, and focus group discussions. Locally based monitoring is inexpensive and allows for local decision-making, but may be prone to sampling problems and conflicts of interest (Danielsen et al. 2005). [DF]

Multiple Hypotheses Method: T.C. Chamberlin’s contribution which shows that one cannot be wed to a single hypothesis. Multiple working hypotheses “distribute the effort and divide the affections.” Each hypothesis suggests and is represented by its own criteria, its own means of proof, and its own method of developing the truth. Thus, one must be willing to consider and address several working hypotheses in order to challenge one’s theory and thereby logically eliminate, one-by-one, each hypothesis that is not supported by empirically derived evidence, either through observation or experimentation. [CAM]